对不同类的文件操作，需要调用相关的库文件，一般情况下，可以选择建立：写文件函数和读文件函数。在写文件与读文件函数中
我们可以采用：with open('文件名'，'w', encoding='utf8') as f: 上下文管理方式来操作文件。接下来就是简单的代码演练了。
1 def txt_writer():
2 """写文件"""
3 with open('data.txt', 'w', encoding='utf8') as f:
4 f.write('优品课堂\n')
5 lines = [
6 '地址：北京市\n',
7 'qq:95001678\n',
8 '网址：http://uke.cc'
9 ]
10 f.writelines(lines)
11
12 def txt_read():
13 """读文件"""
14 # open中省略'r',也可以
15 with open('data.txt', encoding='utf8') as f:
16 # 两种方式读取文件
17 # for line in f:
18 # print(line, end='')
19 reader = f.readlines() # 这个与f.writelines对应
20 print(reader)
21
22 if __name__ == '__main__':
23 txt_read()
1 import json # 调用json库不可少
2
3 def json_basic():
4 data = {
5 "id": 1,
6 "课程": "python精讲",
7 "机构": "优品课堂",
8 "单价": 98.00,
9 "网址": "http://codr.cn"
10 }
11 print('原始数据')
12 print(data)
13 print('_ ' * 20)
14 json_str = json.dumps(data)
15 print(json_str)
16 print('_ ' * 20)
17 json_data = json.loads(json_str)
18 print(json_data)
19
20 def json_write_file():
21 """写json文档"""
22 data = {
23 "id": 1,
24 "课程": "python精讲",
25 "机构": "优品课堂",
26 "单价": 98.00,
27 "网址": "http://codr.cn"
28 }
29 with open('data.json', 'w', encoding='utf8') as f:
30 json.dump(data, f) # 向文件存储数据
31
32 def json_read_file():
33 """读取json文件"""
34 with open('data.json', 'r', encoding='utf8') as f:
35 data = json.load(f) # 加载文件中的数据
36 print(data)
37
38 def json_type_diff():
39 """类型差异"""
40 # print(json.dumps(false))
41 data = {
42 'discontinued': false, # 在json下false为false
43 'tilte': 'iphone7s',
44 'category': none, # 在json下none为none
45 'price': 5999.00
46 }
47 print(json.dumps(data))
48 # {"discontinued": false, "tilte": "iphone7s", "category": null, "price": 5999.0}
49
50
51 if __name__ == '__main__':
52 # json_basic()
53 # json_write_file()
54 # json_read_file()
55 json_type_diff()
1 import xlrd
2
3 def xl_read():
4 """excel读取"""
5 book = xlrd.open_workbook('product.xlsx')
6 for sheet in book.sheets(): # 读取excel表里的工作簿在表的下方sheet里
7 print(sheet.name) # 这里sheet的别名不能出现空格
8
9 def xl_read_data():
10 """读取数据"""
11 # 用xlrd.open_workbook('文件名.xlxs')方式打开excel文件
12 book = xlrd.open_workbook('product.xlsx')
13 sheet = book.sheet_by_name("product")
14 print('工作簿:{}'.format(sheet.name))
15 print('数据行数:{}'.format(sheet.nrows))
16 print("产品数据")
17 print("=" * 50)
18 for i in range(sheet.nrows):
19 print(sheet.row_values(i)) # 获取索引指定的数据行
20
21 if __name__ == '__main__':
22 # xl_read()
23 xl_read_data()
1 import csv # 调用csv库是不可少的
2 """先运行csv_write部分即写入csv文件"""
3
4 """这是csv文件的基本操作"""
5
6 def csv_reader():
7 """读取csv"""
8
9 with open('my_course2.csv', encoding='utf8') as f:
10 reader = csv.reader(f) # 以列表的方式读取赋值给reader
11 # reader = csv.dictreader(f) # 以顺序字典表的方式读取赋值给reader
12 headers = next(reader) # 用next迭代方式打印
13 print(headers)
14 for row in reader:
15 print(row)
16
17 def csv_write():
18 """写入csv文件"""
19 """"先创建写的内容"""
20 headers = ["编号", "课程", "讲师"]
21 # 不能忘记每一行后面的“，”
22 rows = [
23 (1, "python", "eason"),
24 (2, "c#", "eason"),
25 (3, "django", "eason"),
26 (4, ".net", "eason")
27 ]
28 """newline=''是为了写入文件的每一行不要有空行"""
29 with open('my_course.csv', 'w', encoding='utf8', newline='') as f:
30 writer = csv.writer(f)
31 writer.writerow(headers) # 写入标头
32 writer.writerows(rows) # 写入标头以下行writerows比上一行多个s
33
34 def csv_writer_dict():
35 """以dict形式写入csv"""
36 """"先创建写的内容"""
37 headers = ["id", "title", "org", "url"]
38 # 不能忘记每一行后面的“，”
39 rows = [
40 {'id': 1, 'title': 'python', 'org': 'youpinketang', 'url': 'http://uke.cc'},
41 {'id': 2, 'title': 'python', 'org': 'youpinketang', 'url': 'http://uke.cc'},
42 {'id': 3, 'title': 'python', 'org': 'youpinketang', 'url': 'http://uke.cc'},
43 {'id': 4, 'title': 'python', 'org': 'youpinketang', 'url': 'http://uke.cc'},
44 dict(id=5, title='c#', org='youpinketang', url='http://codr.cn'),
45 dict(id=6, title='c#', org='youpinketang', url='http://codr.cn')
46 ]
47 """通过with... as ...形式方便程序进程管理"""
48 with open('my_course2.csv', 'w', encoding='utf8', newline='') as f:
49 writer = csv.dictwriter(f, headers) # 以字典表的形式写入文件
50 writer.writeheader() # 写入第一行标头
51 writer.writerows(rows) # 写入标头行以下行
52
53 if __name__ == '__main__':
54 # csv_write()
55 csv_reader()
56 # csv_writer_dict()
